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New research published on bmj.com explores the relationship between head injuries and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although there is not enough evidence to state that head injuries in young children cause ADHD, researchers have found that early head injury is indeed associated with a subsequent diagnosis of ADHD.

It is a common belief that girls tend to internalize their problems, becoming depressed or anxious, while boys externalize their problems, turning to violence against people or property. A new study in the Journal of Marital and Family Therapy found that this idea did not hold for African-American youth who were in the juvenile justice system. For them, whether they internalized or externalized depended not on gender but on what was happening within their families.

Down syndrome, the most commonly identified cause of cognitive impairment, occurs in approximately 1-in-700 births in the United States. Additionally, nearly 80 percent of fetuses with Down syndrome are lost before birth. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC), in partnership with the National Down Syndrome Society, convened a meeting of experts to review the current knowledge of Down syndrome, identify information gaps and develop priorities for future public health research.